India focuses on PLA bioplastic expansion & sustainability

India is taking a bold step toward a sustainable future with the development of its first industrial-scale polylactic acid (PLA) bioplastic manufacturing plant, led by Balrampur Chini Mills Limited (BCML). This ambitious project, located in Kumbhi, Uttar Pradesh, marks a significant milestone in the nation’s push for eco-friendly materials and aligns with its broader goal of achieving net-zero emissions by 2070.

A Landmark Investment in Sustainable Innovation

The Kumbhi facility, situated adjacent to BCML’s existing sugar factory, represents a ₹2,850 crore investment and is set to be powered entirely by renewable energy. By leveraging sugarcane biomass, the plant will produce sustainable PLA bioplastics under BCML’s newly launched “Bioyug” brand, as reported by The Economic Times. Expected to commence operations by 2026-2027, this integrated facility underscores India’s commitment to reducing reliance on conventional plastics and fostering green innovation.

The strategic use of sugarcane biomass not only utilizes local resources but also integrates with Uttar Pradesh’s sustainability goals. By producing PLA—a biodegradable, bio-based alternative to petroleum-based plastics—the plant aims to address the growing demand for environmentally friendly materials in industries such as packaging, agriculture, and biomedical devices.

Environmental Promise and Challenges

Recent advancements in PLA technology highlight its potential to revolutionize the plastics industry. A study published in Nature details a novel biomimetic PLA composite that achieves complete degradation in ambient soil within five weeks. This material boasts high transparency, water stability, and enhanced gas barrier properties, making it ideal for extending food shelf life and reducing waste.

However, a report by Eunomia Research & Consulting and the Plastic Pollution Coalition raises critical concerns about PLA’s environmental footprint. Despite its bio-based origins, PLA production relies on intensive agriculture, which can contribute to deforestation, water pollution, soil degradation, and biodiversity loss. The report also notes that PLA often contains chemical additives similar to those in conventional plastics, posing risks of microplastic contamination if not properly managed. Effective degradation of PLA requires industrial composting facilities with high temperatures and controlled humidity— infrastructure that remains limited in India and globally. Without such facilities, improperly disposed PLA may end up in landfills, potentially fragmenting into harmful microplastics.

Policy Push for a Bioplastics Ecosystem

To position India as a global hub for bioplastics, an EY report advocates for a comprehensive National Bioplastics Policy. Key recommendations include fiscal incentives such as capital subsidies and interest subventions, mandatory bioplastic use in specific sectors, and the creation of bioplastic clusters to support research, development, and recycling infrastructure. Public awareness campaigns are also critical to educate consumers on the benefits of bioplastics and proper disposal practices, ensuring effective waste management.

Challenges and Opportunities

While the PLA sector holds immense promise, challenges remain. High production costs compared to conventional plastics and limited availability of raw materials are significant barriers. Additionally, competition for land between food crops and bioplastic feedstocks raises concerns about food security. Addressing these issues will require innovative solutions, such as utilizing alternative feedstocks like microalgae and agricultural waste, as highlighted by UKHI.

Despite these hurdles, the global PLA degradable plastic market is projected to reach USD 3.8 billion by 2033, growing at a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10.8% from 2026, according to LinkedIn. This growth is driven by increasing consumer demand for sustainable products and supportive government policies.

Ongoing research is enhancing PLA’s thermal resistance and barrier properties, expanding its applications in packaging, agriculture, 3D printing, and biomedical devices. Innovations in production technologies, including the use of renewable feedstocks, are further strengthening the sector’s outlook.

A Sustainable Future for India

India’s foray into PLA bioplastics, led by BCML’s pioneering Kumbhi plant, signals a transformative shift toward sustainability. By addressing environmental concerns, scaling up infrastructure, and fostering innovation, India is well-positioned to lead the global bioplastics revolution. However, the success of this journey hinges on balancing economic viability with environmental responsibility, ensuring that green alternatives like PLA fulfill their promise without unintended consequences.

As India invests in research, policy, and infrastructure, the Bioyug initiative and similar efforts could pave the way for a cleaner, greener future, aligning with the nation’s ambitious net-zero goals.

(Writer Dilip Patil is Co-Chairperson of Indian Federation of Green Energy and rtd MD of Samarth Sugar)

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